Bradley's New Improvements in Planting and Gardening (1717) described a similar construction to be placed on geometrical drawings to show an image with multiplied reflection. In 1646, Athanasius Kircher described an experiment with a construction of two mirrors, which could be opened and closed like a book and positioned in various angles, showing regular polygon figures consisting of reflected aliquot sectors of 360°. Multiple reflection by two or more reflecting surfaces has been known since antiquity and was described as such by Giambattista della Porta in his Magia Naturalis (1558–1589). History A comparison of the mirror constructions of Kircher (left) and Bradley (right) Patterns when seen through a kaleidoscope tube Rotation of the cell causes motion of the materials, resulting in an ever-changing view being presented.Ĭoined by its Scottish inventor David Brewster, "kaleidoscope" is derived from the Ancient Greek word καλός ( kalos), "beautiful, beauty", εἶδος ( eidos), "that which is seen: form, shape" and σκοπέω ( skopeō), "to look to, to examine", hence "observation of beautiful forms." It was first published in the patent that was granted on July 10, 1817. These reflectors are usually enclosed in a tube, often containing on one end a cell with loose, colored pieces of glass or other transparent (and/or opaque) materials to be reflected into the viewed pattern. For other uses, see Kaleidoscope (disambiguation).Ī kaleidoscope ( / k ə ˈ l aɪ d ə s k oʊ p/) is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces (or mirrors) tilted to each other at an angle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of these mirrors are shown as a regular symmetrical pattern when viewed from the other end, due to repeated reflection.
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